The sixth study assessed a 4-day program in Brazil. The search strategy was developed for PubMed and then adapted for the other four databases. Arora and colleagues did not find any RCTs that looked at the effectiveness of dental health screening versus no screening on improving oral health outcomes, but their search did locate six RCTs from the United Kingdom and India with dental care attendance as the outcome [18]. In another four SRs, 75% to 99% of included studies fulfilled all the inclusion criteria [21,26,30,37]. S7 Appendix gives the PRISMA checklist that was used. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The computer software organizes data in ways that are easy to interpret and put to use. Can these assessments be used for data in school improvement planning processes at the state or local level?Yes. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Primary studies included within the SRs were published between 1967 and 2017. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. Quality appraisal of primary studies within included systematic reviews. Outcomes across studies differed, but the authors noted trends toward improvement in menstruation knowledge, management practices, psychosocial outcomes, and school attendance. Today, electronic patient records are the accepted norm. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Ukraine war latest: Russia makes first comments on missile strikes Any of these three school health assessments will be helpful in data-driven decision making and action planning. Record and track your progress toward your health goals, such as lowering your cholesterol level. None of the SRs evaluated comprehensive, multi-component, or multi-health area school health services. In addition to SRs that did not meet these inclusion criteria, SRs were excluded if the review was superseded by a newer version. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Schroeder and colleagues reviewed the effectiveness of obesity treatment and prevention interventions that specifically involved a school nurse (Table 3D) [26]. Instead, the authors determined which of the 16 items on the checklist were critical for this overview and which of the items were non-critical. Duplication of effort is something all three organizations would like to avoid. These criteria likely exclude potentially relevant literature. The records you keep can provide specific details press documentation wenn you're talking with aforementioned resources your child needs to succeed in schools. The final SR on mental health services examined well-being interventions for children with a parent in the military [29]. That marked the highest percentage since at least 1968, the earliest year for which the CDC has online records. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Due to the heterogeneity of the SRs included in this overview, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. It is important to note that any health records that the school receives from outside providers will most likely be considered school health records. Most interventions involved school-nurse-delivered nutrition counseling, nutrition and health education, and some parent involvement or physical activity. In four SRs, 100% of included studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria [18,27,29,33], although Brendel and colleagues [29] only included one study in total. One reviewer (JL) extracted summary data from each selected article using a customized standard form with independent data extraction performed for 15% of included SRs by one of the other reviewers (DR or KK). Personal health records and patient portals - Mayo Clinic School Health Documentation - National Association of School Nurses - NASN Schroeder and colleagues found that school nurses are well positioned to deliver nutritional counseling, design and coordinate physical activity interventions, and educate parents, students, and staff on health, nutrition, and fitness [26]. Using electronic health records (EHRs) to link school nurses and health care systems is usually limited in scope despite EHRs advancement in these health care systems. Although the CDC does not require the use of the School Health Index, some states and school districts have policies or program requirements to use the School Health Index. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Table A. Review quality was assessed using a modified Ballard and Montgomery four-item checklist. SRs on oral health interventions focused on prevention [25,30], screening [18], and education [27,30] (Table 3E). Citation: Levinson J, Kohl K, Baltag V, Ross DA (2019) Investigating the effectiveness of school health services delivered by a health provider: A systematic review of systematic reviews. II. Evans and colleagues found strong evidence from China, Tanzania, and India that school vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits increased wearing of spectacles when spectacles were provided at no cost [21]. school health services Risk of bias within primary studies was recorded in Table B in S4 Appendix. Searches were performed on June 15, 2018. Linking School Nurses With Health Care Systems Using EHRs: An However, these results did not persist at follow-up [20]. importance of keeping school records which include the following: 1. S6 Appendix. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Health Record to Teacher: Purpose: 1. The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH 2016-2017) estimated that over 22 million U.S. school-aged children are living with one or two or more health conditions, 11 million have special health care needs, and 7.5 million are not receiving needed care coordination (Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, 2016-2017).With school-aged children spending an average of 180 . WHO guideline on school health services To be included in this overview, at least 50% of studies within each SR had to fulfill all inclusion criteria. Explaining the Importance: Proper Academic Records Management Two SRs found evidence for the potential effectiveness of educational interventions for children and adolescents with asthma diagnoses (Table 3A) [31,37]. PDF School Health Records: Privacy and access - PACER Vision screening linked with free provision of spectacles, as a component of a comprehensive school eye health program, is an example of a cost-effective form of school health services that may be implemented. The primary objective of this overview was to explore the effectiveness of school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents. Walter and colleagues found that family asthma educational programs for children and their parents or caregivers improved quality of life for both caregivers and children, and decreased asthma exacerbations for children [37]. The remaining Cochrane review was given a critically low level of confidence, though this may be because it was published in 2006 and standards for both the methods and reporting of Cochrane reviews have improved in recent years. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Research Brief: Addressing the Needs of Students with Chronic Health Conditions: Strategies for Schools, Research Brief: Chronic Health Conditions and Academic Achievement, Fact Sheet: Health Insurance for Children: How Schools Can Help, Fact Sheet: Managing Chronic Health Conditions in Schools: The Role of the School Nurse, National Center for Medical Home Implementation School Nurses Linking with the Medical Home, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Academic Grades, Tobacco Product Use Behaviors and Academic Grades, Other Health Behaviors and Academic Grades, Characteristics of an Effective Curriculum, Tips for Promoting School Employee Wellness, Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool, Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT), Body Mass Index (BMI) Measurement in Schools, Inclusive School Physical Education and Physical Activity, Physical Activity Before and After School, What School Nutrition Professionals Need to Know About COVID-19, Modifying School Spaces During Mealtimes to Reduce Spread of COVID-19, Supporting Students with Chronic Health Conditions in School-Based OST Programs, Healthy and Supportive School Environments, Strategies to Create a Healthy and Supportive School Environment, Strategies to Help Parents and Families Create Healthy and Supportive School Environments, How Families Can Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, Toolkit for Schools: Engaging Parents to Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS), e-Learning Series: Training Tools for Healthy Schools, Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program, Guide to Evaluating Professional Development, Understanding the Training of Trainers Model, Professional Development Follow-Up Support, How to Build a Training Cadre: A Step-by-Step Process, Guide to Promoting Professional Development, Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC), Encourage healthy eating in school and at home, Dental Sealants Can Improve Students Oral Health, Give Your Kids a Healthy Body and Mind This Summer, Engaging Parents to Promote Healthy Schools, Funded Nongovernmental Organizations for Healthy Schools, BAM! S4 Appendix. From this picture, the school health council or other health committees can move forward in creating an action plan, monitoring activities, and celebrating successes. I am Tim Stephens. This means they may be reviewed by teachers and other school ocials who have a legitimate educational interest in the information. Body and Mind Classroom Resources for Teachers, Unit 6: Mental Health, Child Development, & Hygiene, Unit 7: Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Nutrition, physical activity/physical education through 8 content areas loosely aligned with Coordinated School Health (CSH), Nutrition, physical activity, asthma, sexual health, safety, and tobacco, structured around the eight-component CSH model; assessment is customized by users selection of topics, 11 characteristics of a healthy school and community model that incorporates the eight-component CSH model and effective teaching and learning indicators, based on the development of the whole child, Assessment and planning; evaluation tool for the Healthy Schools Program, Assessment and planning; compatible with a School Improvement Plan, PDF and paper version; access to Online Analysis Tool (OAT), On-site technical assistance sessions for selected sites, Training manual, free on-site workshops, technical assistance, Online resources, trainings, consultancy, and technical assistance, School champion enters information online after consulting with others, Completed inventory generates an action plan based on local priorities, Team creates an action plan based on assessment results using online tool or available template, Healthy School Improvement Plan is created automatically once data is entered into OAT; completed Online Analysis Tool generates a Healthy School Improvement Plan, Resource database and technical assistance based on the inventory; national recognition program, Resources through Web site and partner organizations. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Finally, creative therapy interventions seem to be effective for indicated populations of school-age children, such as children with autism spectrum disorder [23,33]. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Finally, meta-analysis by Werner-Seidler and colleagues of 81 RCTs on the effectiveness of depression and anxiety prevention and group therapy programs found small yet statistically significant effect sizes in favor of the intervention groups for both depression and anxiety as compared to control groups [28]. Among 1014 year olds, the leading causes of death were lower respiratory infections, drowning, road injury, diarrheal diseases, and meningitis [47]. Results from this overview suggest that certain interventions can be effective in improving child and adolescent health outcomes, and thus may be worthwhile for integration into school health programs. This systematic review of systematic reviews, henceforth referred to as an overview, will inform the upcoming development of a WHO guideline that addresses the school health services component of health-promoting schools and feeds into the FRESH framework. The Healthy School Report Card is already aligned with the schools improvement process. Tips for Selecting an Electronic Documentation System, Healthcare Information and Management Systems(HIMSS), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Health Information Privacy, Your Rights Under HIPAA. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global School Health Initiative in 1995 with the goal to improve child, adolescent and community health through health promotion and programming in schools [1]. SRs addressed various intervention types: universal interventions [19,24,28,32,34,39]; targeted interventions for military-connected children [29], children and adolescents at risk for depression and/or anxiety [28,34], refugee and war-traumatized youth [36], and children referred to therapy [33]; and indicated interventions for children and/or adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23], depression [24,28,39], or anxiety [24,34,39]. This initiative is dedicated to promoting development of school health programs and increasing the number of health-promoting schools, characterized by WHO as a school constantly strengthening its capacity as a healthy setting for living, learning and working [1]. Meta-analysis indicated small, yet statistically significant, reductions in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, and BMI percentile for both obesity treatment and prevention [26]. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. | 3 Registration Options. Schools offer a unique platform for health care delivery. AMSTAR 2 classifications and results. Academic performance records, such as grades and report cards, provide insight about. This SR did not discuss the quality or risk of bias of included studies [35]. Silver Spring, MD: Author. School health services (SHS), as defined in this guideline, are services provided by a health worker to students enrolled in . In 2000, WHO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank developed a partnership for Focusing Resources on Effective School Healtha FRESH Start approach [2]. After removal of 705 articles with definitely ineligible titles/abstracts, 445 full text articles were screened using the ranked inclusion/exclusion criteria (S1 Appendix). Although at least 102 countries have school health services, there is no rigorous, evidence-based guidance on which school health services are effective and should be implemented in schools. Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt (LMU) Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany, Affiliation: The Secondary Education Commission has recommended the maintenance of cumulative record of each pupil by the class teachers. A PHR also empowers you to manage your health between visits. The significance of records management to public healthcare facilities and institutions includes operational cost reduction and elimination of duplicated overhead costs; eliminates the creation. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. Strongest evidence in favor of oral health interventions emerged from a SR on universal topical application of fluoride gel for the prevention of dental caries [25]. One of the central questions of this overview was whether the school health services that are regularly delivered across the globe are evidence-based. Duplication of effort should be avoided or minimized. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Electronic health records: An essential tool in keeping students healthy (Position Statement). Characteristics of included systematic reviews. Through meta-analysis of two RCTs, the authors found that school vision screening combined with provision of free spectacles resulted in a statistically significant 60% increase in the wearing of spectacles at 38 months follow-up as compared to vision screening combined with prescription for spectacles only [21].
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