Regeneration is the long-term upgrading of existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change. Host cities have used these international events to increase their cultural profile and in turn these events to help initiate a long term regeneration programme. site before and after the Olympics. The centre has been a catalyst for the regeneration of the Stratford area, bringing around a million shoppers every week, as well as jobs, tourism and investment to the local community. The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) highlighted their key priorities in combating unemployment and created policies including the Governments Legacy Action Plan (LAP) and a Strategic Regeneration Framework (SRF) in order to achieve what they termed convergence, where the boroughs which hosted the Olympics would have the same social and economic chances as other boroughs within London within 20 years (Vanderhoven, 2012). Is that the reason you get out of bed every morning because thats just sad 3: Local fruit market potentially threatened by TNCs (https://www.flickr.com/photos/16953270@N00/2715600222) by Filip Maljkovi (https://www.flickr.com/photos/dungodung/) Licensed by CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. The rural-urban fringe (areas outside of the inner city, close to rural areas) have experienced regeneration too. Sports Entertainment & Humor. Bernstock (2016) found that property prices within Stratford had risen the highest of any London borough since 2012, resulting in higher rent prices which have led to many lower-income families unable to afford to live in Stratford. This means that the company has to sell more groceries to afford the rent and still make enough of a profit to stay in operation. The aquatics centre now uses its 50m pools as facilities for the community and schools, as well as elite athletes. This in turn has led to the millions of pounds of investment reshaping the heart of the city centre with the development of Paradise Street. Five years on the London Olympic park battle still rages', The Guardian, 27 July [Online], Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jul/27/london-olympic-park-success-five-years-depends (Accessed: 16 November 2019), Donovan, T. (2014) Olympic Park affordable housing trade off, BBC News, 15 January [Online]. In this survey, respondents are asked to state whether they agree or disagree with a range of statements about the 2012 Olympics, and to rate the strength of this feeling. An intragroup conflict occurs within a societal group. This can be identified particularly where flagship projects are concerned. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! The government wanted to leave a positive legacy behind after the Olympics were over and were committed to regenerating a community as well as bringing them together and leading to social and economic change (London 2012, 2004). London 2012, 4 Years On: How Stratford Has Transformed - Culture Trip This lesson was about what Stratford was like before the Olympics and what impact the Olympics has had on the areas. Studentification is the gradual change (social and environmental) of an area of a the city by the arrival of increasing numbers of students and the conversion of older, often 19th century, houses into student flats by subdividing large properties. people living there London won its bid on the back of three factors: Its status as a global city with one of the world's most culturally and ethnically diverse populations, Its focus upon regenerating one of the poorest areas of the city, which is on-going, where the Olympics have a specific role to play in providing a legacy of amenities for local people, A focus upon children as the benefactors of the Olympics, and the inspiration that could link nations through sport. An intergroup conflict occurs between societal groups. Regeneration - Key takeaways. from the start of this year. Furthermore, it highlights the use of neoliberal ideas in selling a majority to the private sector as the local authorities were dependent on private buyers in buying flats within the East Village. An intragroup conflict might occur between members of Group A, and an intergroup conflict might occur between members of Group A and Group B. This was issued as a Regional Development Agencies Act 1998 and an Acquisition of Land Act 1981 (Hatcher, 2012), where the long term benefits the Olympics would bring were seen as a priority over the residents, as well as their legacy outweighing issues which would be created as a result of the demolition of Clays Lane, such as the breaking up of a strong community living in Clays Lane and how this would negatively impact their lives as many residents had strong foundations and wanted to be moved as a community but this was not possible (The Guardian, 2008). Following concerns that the site may be developed purely for housing and offices, a development strategy review was prepared and published in 1988 and set the context for future proposals with an emphasis on a mixture of uses and their relationship to the water, providing opportunities for leisure and culture based activities [Salford City Council, 1988]. In recognition of its achievements, London 2012 won gold in the Environmental and Sustainability category of the 6th International Sports Event Management awards. Will you pass the quiz? It has not only been traditional and historic cultural capitals or world cities, that have looked to install this new form of cultural energy into their urban centres, those seeking to transform their image, established industrial cities as in the case of Bilbao and Glasgow. It can take many forms and can be achieved through the implementation of several different strategies. Available at: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080107221051/http://www.london2012.com/documents/candidate-files/theme-1-olympic-games-concept-and-legacy.pdf (Accessed: 19 November 2019), MHCLG (2011) Social housing lettings. the housing. As the area is regenerated or gentrified, it becomes more expensive for the owners of the business to rent the shop. Write down information as we look There are five tasks that can be carried out in Stratford. Ali, R. (2013) The Olympic legacy has failed to bring jobs to Londons East End, The Guardian, 27 January [Online]. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. PDF Community Regeneration and Crime Reduction: some tensions and dilemmas The back-to-back terrace was the most popular addition to the city due to it being cheap and easy to construct, as well as durable and serving the purpose that it was required for. The purpose of regeneration is to improve the areas people live and prevent them from falling into disrepair. Step into Smithsonian. International Handbook on the Economics of Mega Sporting Events. quit This indicates that the cultural element has not been used to promote the regeneration programme. ALL of the Olympic venues have been sold. area? By placing a booking, you are permitting us to store and use your (and any other attendees) details in order to fulfil the booking. Newham also had issues with lack of accommodation as over 2000 households were living in temporary accommodation (MHCLG, 2011). As regeneration occurs, threats to local businesses can sometimes increase. What does this mean? Writing frame The degree to which urban regeneration has affected the built environment in the UK is likely to be extensive due to well known case studies and examples, as well as visual evidence being clear in day to day life and also being reported in the media, however extracting the elements of gentrification to date and stating to what level they have been purely culture-led will prove more complicated due to difficulties in finding material that points to an area of culture as being the sole catalyst for the regeneration to begin. 6/7: Evaluate issues faced by Stratford in the past. (2017) Symbolic violence and the Olympic Games: Low-income youth, social legacy commitments, and urban exclusion in Olympic host cities, Journal of youth studies,20(2), pp.145-161. Docklands Decline - GCSE Geography B Edexcel Revision - Study Rocket The Olympic Site was built on 560 acres of brownfield land. Provide detailed positive and negative Watt, P. (2016) A nomadic war machine in the metropolis: En/countering London's 21st-century housing crisis with Focus E15, City,20(2), pp.297-320. 462-465. The Socio-economic Impacts of HS1: Towards a Re-assessment In the 19th century, industry in Stratford took off as the area became a hub for the toxic and noxious industries that were banned from London in the 1844 Metropolitan Building Act. Just a few years prior many felt that towns on the outskirts of Yorkshire such as Castleford were in terminal decline following pit and factory closures that put thousands out of work. Here are a few possible impacts of such disputes: Escalation of the issue (to more extreme disputes, potentially inciting violence), Lack of community cohesion (stronger divides between people; the creation of an us vs them narrative), Psychological impacts on individuals directly (participating) and indirectly (affected) involved. Hill (2015) discusses the implementation of two new neighbourhoods, East Wick and Sweetwater in adding to the number of homes where 31% were expected to be socially rented (ibid.). London Squares reputation for developing award-winning homes in some of Londons most desirable locations is exemplified in Chigwell Village, perfectly located in the heart of Chigwell itself. All of which will be discussed and then highlighted through case studies including the Albert Docks in Liverpool, the Capital of Culture for 2008 and Salford Quays, Manchester which was involved in the Commonwealth Games 2002. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. compare with those of pictures 4, 5 and 6? end of London to be like? The decision to extend Manchesters tram link to the Quays from Manchester City Centre as well as Bury in the north and Altrincham in the south of the city meant that the Quays was now open to a greater number of visitors, commuters and also residents. The Albert Docks is situated on the waters of the Mersey. Learning Outcomes Regeneration and its various negative impacts often cause conflict in society. plotted it, to ensnare the The stadiums were made of 25% recycled materials. Stone, J. In this essay, we have discussed the policies used to regenerate Stratford to address the needs of the urban populations as well as improve the physical fabric of the area. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The deprivation continued into the twentieth century, and unemployment reached record levels in the interwar years causing demonstrations and rioting. What is not a potential negative impact of regeneration? These three models Culture-led Regeneration, Cultural Regeneration and Culture & Regeneration, highlight the different scale of regeneration projects and the level of cultural activities which can differ greatly, from whole cultural cities to redeveloped waterfronts, to community orientated public art programmes. The key is urban regeneration. *You can also browse our support articles here >. Conflict in the community can manifest itself in many different ways. This shows that before the Olympics, there were several issues concerning housing deprivation and that one of the main goals for the regeneration was to build affordable housing to suit Newham's residents. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/jun/02/olympics2012 (Accessed: 18 November 2019), Turock, I. Highlight and annotate information which shows: During the construction of the Olympics, very few jobs were created for local people. The start of the programme to transform the waterfront commenced in 1986 the project saw the conversion of the existing warehouses into a complex of retail, restaurants, cafe, and a series of office units and business headquarters. Any scientific information contained within this essay should not be treated as fact, this content is to be used for educational purposes only and may contain factual inaccuracies or be out of date. To what extent has Culture-Led Regeneration affected the built environment within the UK? The design of creative quarters which span between the old city and the Olympic village site, this often meant refurbishing and reviving derelict industrial areas. In 1999 the RIBA presented its Royal Gold Medal to Barcelona, the first time a city has received the award. This was seen as an important driver for change, despite the ability for new industries and businesses to locate in rural areas, through the use of the digital medium of the Internet. For instance, in the case of this hypothetical groceries example, a supermarket may have been constructed on the high street. Gentrification - is it inevitable in regeneration areas | Ashurst The areas hosting the Olympics like Stratford and nearby Tower Hamlets were in dire need of regeneration as they had; . It is predicted that 11,000 new jobs will arise as a result of the regeneration of the Quays as a whole [Goodey 2000]. Government to put money into If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. environmental quality of the area? As things become more expensive to accommodate the demands of wealthier people moving into an area, it becomes more difficult for less wealthy people (often people who originally lived in the pre-gentrified area) to afford to live there. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. the London Borough of Newham. Your homework is to revise. The Olympic Park was a Brownfield site having suffered from Deindustrialisation. This highlights the failures made by the LLDC as roughly 28% of housing built was made affordable in order to make way for more economic activity (Donovan, 2014) compared to the 31%, which highlights that there was an interest in making profit and expanding economic activity within the area rather than improving the living standards within the area as in 2010 it was reported that Newham was the second most deprived area within the country (Newham Info, 2015). The purpose of regeneration is to improve the areas people live and prevent them from falling into disrepair. (2014) De-risking East London: Olympic regeneration planning 20002012,European planning studies,22(9), pp.1919-1939. See my soul jump out of place There are a number of urban needs which suit the population but for this essay, key urban needs which will be discussed include adequate housing, chances of improving the economic situation through new opportunities as well as a sense of community within the local urban area. Not only does this displacement affect the individuals, but it also impacts the place itself. There were various reasons for this to occur, but the main ones being the advances in technology and the closure of many farming and agricultural companies, hence reducing the number of those employed in this sector. Towns and cities such as these, will undoubtedly be greatly affected through culture, not only on the built environment, but also in their social and economic development. Urban Regeneration: The planned improvement of an urban area the Olympics was/wasnt good for Stratford say why you think this This could also be argued as social cleansing as many lower-income residents felt they were being pushed out (Stone, 2015) and their economic situations were not accounted for therefore their needs were not addressed. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? (eds.) Games will aim to improve this area. impacts from the Olympic games both on the area and the people living there. As part of the A Level course, it is important not only to understand what regeneration is and the impacts that it has, but also to put this into context. and roughly only 23 000 were actively looking for work, highlighting how jobs were an issue before the Olympics and how the committee was dedicated to creating jobs in order to tackle this issue within Stratford. The River Lea that runs through the Olympic Park was improved as has the quality of its water. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This was done through transforming rail links, adding a mega-mall known as Westfield and building apartments for athletes which would then be sold onto the public. Fig. An Australian TNC Invested with the building of the shopping centre. With roughly half the properties being privately owned, it shows the key factor of time where committees were trying to sell the properties quickly in order to create and sustain a legacy, however it has now created more houses to be privately owned resulting in less affordable housing which has left most of the previous residents, many of which are low-income residents, unable to afford to live in Newham. How do you avoid conflicts in the community? When considering types of conflict in the context of regenerating places, the two groups mentioned in the above example are often made up of locals (people originally from the place being regenerated) and newcomers (people moving into and changing the area through regeneration). Some places can become economically wealthy because of the abundance of these factors, whilst other places are marginalised. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! This often includes, premium prices charged for the new developments. The study will also address physical as well as the environmental impacts of regeneration with past and current projects aiming to improve urban areas, with the aid of culture to deliver change. Stratford: Regeneration (A Level) Case Study | StudySmarter Stratford and Croyde will be examined further in the next articles. This would mean that more people would use the supermarket instead of the local business. Introduction Recent systematic reviews suggest that there is a dearth of evidence on the effectiveness of large-scale urban regeneration programmes in improving health and well-being and alleviating health inequalities. Kennelly, J. Local, national, and global processes, such as the movement of people, capital, information, and resources, drive it. An interpersonal conflict is a conflict that happens between two individuals. To the nature of change and impact on the local communities that may have fallen in to decline. Seville (EXPO 92), Lisbon (ECOC 94 & EXPO 98) and Rotterdam (ECOC 01) are cases where large-scale regeneration programmes have been combined with these cultural events. M.Sc. regeneration. A parallel regeneration project is the Stratford City development, a one and a half million meters squared area of proposed retail, commerce, leisure and residential development. Name some negative impacts of regeneration, Economic inequality; displacement of locals; threats to local businesses; community conflict. Conflicts in the community can be avoided through the implementation of measures, such as cheaper housing incentives, financial support, community cohesion incentives and conflict resolution techniques. The Olympics brought more than 9bn of investment to east London, much of which went into transport. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Internationa Impacts of Development in India, Environmental Impacts of Development in India, Volcanoes in Different Parts of the World, Earthquakes in Different Parts of the World, Geology and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion, Climate and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion, Low achievement at school in terms of GCSE points score, Higher than average unemployment than the rest of London, Higher deprivation and poverty for the people that lived there, Lower household incomes then the London average. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp.546-569, Burrows, T. (2017) 'Legacy, what legacy? Both the LAP and SRF included promises to improve opportunities economically as well as interventions and benefits which needed to be undertaken to increase the unemployment rate. SITE MAP, Cookies on the RGS website The photo task provides a focus for students' digital photography of the area. The success of the Lowry Centre was entirely dependent on the infrastructure that was laid before it, in order to carry the number of visitors, workers and residents that would be required for it to be a success. The Industrial Revolution also witnessed a large growth in population, in 1695 the population of Britain was estimated to be 5.5million, by the early part of 1801, just over 100 years later, this had grown to 9.3million and 40 years later again, almost doubled to 15.9million people in 1841. because it's the only way to get The environment aspect in particular is becoming increasingly important as the countrys social conscience continues to increase into the future. Dedicated to your worth and value as a human being! The extent to which these are recycled and reused to reduce the amount of waste and energy varies with each development. As the worlds first industrial economy virtually collapsed within a ten year period between 1970 and 1980, 55% of jobs were lost in cities during the recession. Coolgeography - GCSE - London Regeneration 4: I will describe issues that have affected Stratford in the past and If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! Arguments against Regeneration social and environmental (rich people/poor areas and the infrastructure). The first response of the government was to introduce City Challenge; a programme that allowed local authorities to lead local partnerships in bidding for central government money to support local regeneration projects, Liverpool was one of the first successful cities receiving 37.5million in the first round of bidding. Urban regeneration - the issue explained (city or town) pictures? At the Polluting activities such as carcass rendering, chemical plants and printers relocated over the border to Stratford, which was then in Essex. London, SW7 2AR. Universities bring employment and student spending which regenerates pubs, shops and buy to let properties. It also uses several objectives and activities with involvement from the government, as well as forms of partnership from stakeholders and actors involved. The paper will then draw together conclusions using arguments both in favour of and also against urban regeneration. This can be through the construction of new buildings, or the reuse of existing structures, examples of which might include Peckham Library, the TATE modern in Southwark, or the Sage music centre and BALTIC centre for contemporary art in Gateshead. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The London 2012 Olympic Legacy was a plan to make sure that the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games had Long Term Benefits. Negative Impacts of Regeneration: Causes | StudySmarter The access roads were developed to link the Quays internally, this initially meant the improvement of bridges, paths and walkways. The inner cities were left with polluted by-products from the factories whilst the movement of jobs and people to the country was actively encouraged with the aim of reducing over-crowding, in order to clean up the cities and plan orderly settlements for the future. Researchers helped choose sustainable & biodiverse vegetation suited to an urban environment, including .
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