Substantial gold discoveries were also made in Ontario at Kirkland Lake in 1906 and Timmins in 1912, and in Qubec at Rouyn-Noranda in 1920. Unique geographic features and formations can significantly impact the climate in an area. Mammals. Around the same time, silver was discovered near Cobalt , Ontario, in 1903. While the area still suffers strong winds, the incidence of cyclones is greatly reduced. Climate & Weather Averages in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada How your Landform effects the people who live there. Download data at both local and regional scales to include data into your own work. Summer temperatures in the city are not as hot and the winter temperatures are not as cold as others. Severe storms and tornadoes are possible, though far less likely than in the. This arrangement was caused by severe glaciation during the last ice age, which covered the shield and scraped the rock clean. How do we plan for a future that is uncertain? Who wrote the song The Maple Leaf Forever? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. For a plain-language summary, please see Canadian Shield (Plain Language Summary). The mountain region itself experiences year round snow in high elevations, significant rain on the western windward side and minimal precipitation on the leeward side resulting in a south-western desert landscape. Other evidence of past glacial structures include striations (lines scraped into rocks) and drumlins (long hills of glacial sediment). In northeastern Quebec, the giant Manicouagan Reservoir is the site of an extensive hydroelectric project (Manic-cinq, or Manic-5). Web. Tundras Explained Barren tundra lands are home to hardy flora and fauna and are one of Earths coldest, harshest biomes. Explore all the available data through high resolution maps and graphs. (This is the full-length entry about the Canadian Shield. Sitemap. Today, the largest concentration of active mines on the Shield and in the world is located around Sudbury, Ontario. Deforestation only occurs when forests are permanently removed so the land can be used for something else. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Canada geography, maps, climate, environment and terrain from Canada The Canadian shield is covered by a thin layer of soil and forms the nucleus of the North American cratonan old and stable part of the continental crust that has survived the merging and splitting of continents and supercontinents for over 500 million years. The shield contains some of the most ancient volcanoes on earth. The Canadian Shield Taylor, Rachel, Jessica, Artem, & Luc 3. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. The Canadian Shieldalso called the Laurentian Plateau, Laurentian Shield, Bouclier Canadien (French), or Precambrian Shieldis the massive U-shaped, almost circular region of the Earth that has extensive exposed Precambrian rock, forms the nucleus of North America, and extends from Lake Superior on the south to the Arctic Islands on the north, and from western Canada eastward to most of Greenland, including in the United States the Adirondack Mountains in the northeast and the Northern Highlands in Wisconsin. First Nations-Clothing An Animal Hide 22. Read on to discover 10 major geographical features that shape the climate of Canada. Behind the Canadian Shield | Canadian Geographic The area is dominated by coniferous forests, particularly spruce, interspersed with vast wetlands, mostly bogs and fens. The Canadian Shield: The Canadian Shield is a North American geological phenomenon of exposed bedrock made up of igneous and metamorphic rock. Given their size and depth, the lakes gain heat in the summer months and release it during the winter. Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. there are mild winters and the summers were extremely hot. The Canadian Shield is covered by boreal forests in the south. How does climate change affect boreal forests? Canadian Shield - New World Encyclopedia Climate Graph - Emily Tang The Great Canadian City Deserts make up the hottest biome, but can also get cold temperatures in winter. are timber-productive land. This vast region, with its store of forests, waterpower, and mineral resources, is being increasingly developed. The rest of the region has coarse soil that does not retain moisture well and is frozen with permafrost throughout the year. The traditional calendar seasons, as defined by the . Climate refers to the average weather in an area. The average temperature in Quebec is 4.8 C. In northern Canada, much of this forest rests on the Canadian . ClimateData.ca is a climate data portal produced collaboratively by the countrys leading climate organizations and supported, in part, by the Government of Canada. The underlying rock structure also includes Hudson Bay and the submerged area between North America and Greenland. It does not store any personal data. The kimberlite eruptions then bring the diamonds up from over 93 miles below the surface. Wildlife Caribou 4. Geography of Ontario - Wikipedia Land in the Tundra region consists of lowlands, plateaus, mountains, and ice caps. Even if the portion of the Shield found in the Arctic is excluded, the Canadian Shield remains the largest physiographic region in Canada. Such temperature swings make this an extreme environment, where many animals have to burrow underground to find more stable temperatures in order to survive. The Canadian Shield is a large area of exposed precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rock. Tsuyoshi Iizuka, at al., "Geology and Zircon Geochronology of the Acasta Gneiss Complex", the largest-known meteorite impact craters on Earth, "Metallogeny and Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-Hudson Orogen", Alberta Heritage - Alberta Online Encyclopedia, 3-D Magnetic Imaging using Conjugate Gradients: Temagami anomaly, Report on the 2007 Diamond Drilling Program, McClarty Lake Project, Manitoba: The Pas Mining District NTS 63-K-08; UTM ZONE 14 N 415938 E, 6038968 N; 542928N 1001752W, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Shield&oldid=1144657401, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 21:53. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. It is the world's largest continental shield covering 8 million square km (3 million square miles) and mostly consists . The Canadian Shield is a huge rock formation. Deforestation in Canada: Key myths and facts See more current weather Annual Weather Averages in Resolute Bay Based on weather reports collected during 1985-2015. An outline of the Canadian Shield would give the appearance of a warrior's shield or a giant horseshoe. The Flin Flon greenstone belt in central Manitoba and east-central Saskatchewan "is one of the largest Paleoproterozoic volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VMS) districts in the world, containing 27 copper-zinc-(gold) deposits from which more than 183 million tonnes of sulfide have been mined."[22]. (One of the five factors that influence climate.) Change in temperature is slower in deep water than it is on the land, resulting in warmer autumns and cooler springs than similar continental longitudes, plus lake-effect frost and snow in the winter. Learn why looking at a set of climate models, rather than a single one, can lend confidence to decisions. [2] In total, the exposed area of the Shield covers approximately 8,000,000km2 (3,100,000sqmi). Sun & Moon Weather Today Weather Hourly 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate (Averages) Currently: 45 F. When these crustal plates collide they may weld together, forming larger landmasses. The region, as a whole, is composed of ancient crystalline rocks whose complex structure attests to a long history of uplift and depression, mountain building (orogeny), and erosion. It is filled with substantial deposits of nickel, gold, silver, and copper. The Great Lakes have a significant impact on the Canadian climate. It covers parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta. Some of the ancient mountain ranges can still be recognized as a ridge or belt of hills, but the present appearance of the physical landscape of the Canadian Shield is not so much a result of the folding and faulting and compression of the rocks millions of years ago as it is the work of ice in relatively recent geologic time. In places the old mountain ranges may be recognized by hills several hundreds of metres in height. Currently the Ekati and Diavik mines are actively mining kimberlite diamonds. Canadian Shield . Answers for geologist, scientists, spacecraft operators. The growing season is only 60 days in duration. The resulting climate is ideal for coniferous red wood forests, where some of the worlds oldest trees are still thriving today. Major Geographical Features That Shape The Climate Of Canada The Canadian Shield refers to the exposed portion of the continental crust underlying the majority of North America. Because a large portion of the worlds boreal zone lies in Canada (28% or 552 million hectares), this countrys boreal forest affects the health of the environment worldwide. Geography Unit 1: Interactions in Nature Flashcards | Quizlet However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Canada is the only country to border three oceans - the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific. The Canadian Shield contains some of the oldest rocks on Earth. During the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago), the vast continental glaciers that covered northern North America had this region as a centre. The current surface expression of the shield is one of very thin soil on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. Learn why ClimateData.ca uses an ensemble of 24 climate models to get a better grasp of what the future may look like. The Canadian Shield only came into terminological being in the 1880s. Learn why climate models are run over the historical period and how you can access this data. Various minerals and precious stones have been mined or continue to be mined on the Shield, including gold, silver, copper, zinc, nickel, iron, uranium and diamonds. Smaller predators include the coyote, red and arctic fox, muskrat, wolverine, weasel, mink, marten, otter, and least weasel. Acid rain: causes and effects - Canada.ca ClimateData.ca is supported by the Canadian Centre for Climate Services (CCCS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada as part of its efforts to provide Canadians with easy access to climate related data and to help increase their resilience to climate change. Learn about ANUSPLIN, the interpolation tool used to create gridded historical datasets. The boreal ecozone principally spans 8 countries: Canada, China, Finland, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States. In the Canadian Shield , there are short cold winters and long hot summers . Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? [8] The multitude of rivers and lakes in the region is classical example of a deranged drainage system, caused by the watersheds of the area being disturbed by glaciation and the effect of post-glacial rebound. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Applachian impact of climate change, Appalachian province, Cordillera province and more. The Craton stretches from Greenland to Mexico. Home Page > Population. Statistical data | Natural Resources Canada Some of the highest producing hydroelectric dams include Churchill Falls, Labrador, and James Bay, Qubec. First remeasurement (2017) estimate of Canada's forest area. Lakes are largely the result of glacial erosion during the last ice age. DigitalAtlasProject.net - Climate Graphs Interactive World Map It[clarification needed] was split[when?] It covers much of Greenland, all of Labrador and the Great Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, most of Quebec north of the St. Lawrence River, much of Ontario including northern sections of the Ontario Peninsula, the Adirondack Mountains[6] of New York, the northernmost part of Lower Michigan and all of Upper Michigan, northern Wisconsin, northeastern Minnesota, the central and northern portions of Manitoba away from Hudson Bay, northern Saskatchewan, a small portion of northeastern Alberta,[7] mainland Northwest Territories to the east of a line extended north from the Saskatchewan-Alberta border, most of Nunavut's mainland and, of its Arctic Archipelago, Baffin Island and significant bands through Somerset, Southampton, Devon and Ellesmere islands. It is considered the first region in North America to be elevated permanently above sea level, not having been subsequently submerged by encroachments of the oceans. In addition to fish, lakes are often spotted with a mix of waterfowl including wood ducks, Canada geese and American black ducks. Overview of Climate Change in Canada By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Acid rain is wet deposition. As the ice retreated from the southern part of present-day Canada a process that began as recently as 11,000 years ago it cut the basins of the Great Lakes as well as the thousands of lakes throughout the Canadian Shield. The origin of life traces to the Archean, with prokaryote fossils known from 3.5 billion years ago. Lakes and rivers in the south house a variety of fish species including trout, burbot and northern pike. Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the shield since there is significant evidence that the Sudbury Basin is an ancient meteorite impact crater. The largest, and one of the best known, is Greater Sudbury, Ontario. If underground areas are included, the Canadian Shield covers even more area. The mean temperature of the warmest month, July, is generally between 15 and 20 C (59 and 68 F). The shield is also covered by vast boreal forests that support an important logging industry. The Northern part gets very little rain and snow each year. At 470,000 square miles, Hudson Bay is second only in size to the Bay of Bengal. The northeastern portion, however, became tilted up so that, in northern Labrador and Baffin Island, the land rises to more than 1,500 metres (5,000 feet) above sea level. The climate in this area has four distinct seasons. The nearby but less-known Temagami Magnetic Anomaly has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin. Figure 1: Northwestern Manitoba - This photograph, taken in northwestern Manitoba, shows an aerial view of gravel ridges that mark the location of crevasses in the ice sheet that once covered the Canadian Shield.Each ridge is about 3 metres high and 10 metres wide. During this glaciation, the Shield was covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, a giant expanse of ice as much as 3 km thick. The lowest temperature ever recorded was 81 F (63 C) at Snag, Yukon, in 1947. Canada Also see the Interactive Physical Maps and Climate Graphs for Canada Alert, Nunavut Calgary, Alberta Halifax, Nova Scotia Iqaluit, Nunavut Toronto, Ontario Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, Manitoba Yellowknife, Northwest Territories United States Anchorage, Alaska Barrow, Alaska Denver, Colorado Honolulu, Hawai'i Canadas boreal forest (270 million hectares) stores carbon, purifies the air and water, and regulates the climate. Locations. With the exception of the Canadian Shield, the rocks of the North American Craton are buried deep within the continent and covered by soil and other material. In the northern part of the Canadian Shield they get 5 hours of daylight in the winter and 24 hours in the summer months. The largest, and one of the best known, is Sudbury, Ontario. The Canadian Shield is a U-shaped subsection of the Laurentia craton signifying the area of greatest glacial impact (scraping down to bare rock) creating the thin soils. Weather Time Zone DST Changes Sun & Moon Weather Today Weather Hourly 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate (Averages) Currently: 16 F. The Churchill and Grenville provinces contain deposits of uranium, lead and zinc. In the southern part, there are very cold snowy winters, while the summers are warm and long. The mountains of the Canadian Shield were subsequently eroded by weather such as wind and rain. This is because the Canadian Shield has unusually large areas of relatively exposed rock from the Archean eon, roughly 2.5 to 4 billion years ago. At night, desert temperatures fall to an average of -3.9 degrees celsius (about 25 degrees fahrenheit). ClimateData.ca is supported by the Canadian Centre for Climate Services (CCCS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada as part of its efforts to provide Canadians with easy access to climate related data and to help increase their resilience to climate change. . The taiga is characterized by a cold, harsh climate, low rate of precipitation (snow and rain), and short growing season. This, combined with large-scale Arctic air masses, keeps the water frozen deep into the summer months. When the Greenland section is included, the Canadian Shield is approximately circular, bounded on the northeast by the northeast edge of Greenland, with Hudson Bay in the middle. This includes its high and low temperatures, precipitation, and barometric pressure from month to month and year to year. What using emissions scenarios can look like in practice. The Boreal Shield ecozone is a main contributor to the Canadian economy not only with its economic activities but also with its pure fresh air, water, food, recreation, and wildlife. Canada is home to several mountain ranges, including the northern arm of the Appalachian Mountains. Ontario is the most populous province in Canada. This region has short summers. While Canada's fertility rate is 1.53 births per woman, below the population replacement rate, the population continues to grow as migration plays an increasing role in the population. The biggest part of Canada has a continental climate, although average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary according to the location. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). In the southern parts, the climate is seasonal; the average temperature in the winter is -. These weathering processes were interrupted by a number of ice ages occurring over the last 2.5 million years. Due to technological advancements, humans have been able to modify their environment and adapt to many different places. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Like weather, as glaciers grow and move they also smooth the landscape, as well as move sediment. [18] Precambrian rock is the major component of the bedrock. At night, desert temperatures fall to an average of -3.9C (about 25F). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The Russian term "taiga" refers to the northern edge of the boreal coniferous forest. The population in the Canadian Shield is somewhere around 7 million . Learning from Indigenous people, coureurs de bois, voyageurs and explorers used the birchbark canoe to travel and trade along the Shields many waterways. Canada has seven climatic regions or zones: the Arctic, Subarctic, Prairie, Great Lakes, Cordilleran, plus the East and West Coasts. The Shield can be divided into seven geologically distinct regions sometimes referred to as provinces. Two main climate types are found in this region. Climate & Weather Averages in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada The range's highest peak is Nunavut's Barbeau Peak at 2,616 metres (8,583ft) above sea level. The kimberlite pipes in which the diamonds are found are closely associated with cratons, which provide the deep lithospheric mantle required to stabilize diamond as a mineral. In the southern parts, the climate is seasonal; the average temperature in the winter is -. [13] Much of the granitic rock belongs to the distinctive tonalitetrondhjemitegranodiorite family of rocks, which are characteristic of Archean continental crust. On the opposite side of the Canadian Shield in the south, we see a more humid climate, with cold winters and warm summer occurring. Omissions? The region has numerous pine forests and sand dunes, the perfect habitat for unique plant life. As Europeans began to settle and colonize the country, beavers found in the Shield region became a source for the fur trade (see also Exploration). The crust, also known as the North American Craton, extends from northern Mexico to Greenland and consists of hard rocks at least 1 billion years old. The traditional territory of the Dene and Inuit includes the sections of the Shield now covered by the Northwest Territories andNunavut. Adding TravelTime as Impedance in ArcGIS Network Analyst? Canadian Biodiversity: Ecozones: Taiga Shield While the east coast of North America frequently suffers from cyclonic weather, the Appalachians flatten and slow incoming cold fronts, weakening the winds and causing a course shift to the south and east of the mountain range. Given its size, it stretches across the provinces and territories of Nunavut, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Quebec, Labrador, and the Northwest Territories, average temperatures within the Shield vary greatly. Impact modelling suggests that, although overall economic impacts may be slightly positive in the short term at moderate degrees of warming, further warming and associated changes in climate will overwhelm systems, causing net economic losses . What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Coastal temperate climates are found near the ocean, and they tend to have mild winters, cool summers, and high precipitation. Spanning the width of North America, Canada is the worlds second largest country after Russia, and home to a diverse topography that ranges from deserts to tundra, plus coastlines that rim not only the Great Lakes but also three of the worlds five oceans. They are the Nain, Grenville, Southern, Superior, Churchill, Slave and Bear provinces. The historic mapping of this area was done by Alexander Murray, who, in 185152, examined the geology around the Gananoque, Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers, as well as the perimeter of the Shield from Kingston to Lake Superior. Summers are short, lasting maybe 50 to 100 days without frost. The magnitude of the impacts of climate change on the Canadian economy is thus difficult to predict. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Physical Regions Understand how SSPs differ from RCP scenarios and learn about key considerations when using SSPs in climate risk assessments. Canadas famous Rocky Mountain Range influences more than the Canadian climate. The Canadian Shield is a physiographic division comprising four smaller physiographic provinces: the Laurentian Upland, Kazan Region, Davis and James. This is a vast, deeply dissected mountain range, stretching from northernmost Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. Also known as: Canadian continental shield, Canadian-Greenland Shield, Laurentian Shield, Precambrian Shield. The Canadian Shield constitutes the largest mass of . The growing season of about 120 days coincides with . The climate here features long, cold winters and short, cool summers. How tall are the mountains in the Canadian Shield? The Canadian Shield also contains iron ore, including deposits near Wawa, Ontario. Its age means the rock was created approximately 300million years after the formation of Earth. The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. The ice in turn suppresses solar radiation, holding cool temperatures on nearby land into June and July. The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska. Each is home to rock of different ages, types and formation characteristics, as well as different mineral deposits. The Shield was originally an area of very large, very tall mountains (about 12,000 metres or 39,000 feet) with much volcanic activity, but over hundreds of millions of years, the area has been eroded to its current topographic appearance of relatively low relief. Learn about four types of historical data: historical weather station data, adjusted and homogenized data, gridded historical data, and modelled historical data. The Coast Mountains puncture cloud cover and force wet, westerly winds upwards, with some areas experiencing up to 170 inches a year of precipitation. Explanation: Humans can be found living in virtually all types of terrestrial biomes. The Canadian Shield Throughout the shield, there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. Everything You Need to Know About Life in the Canadian Shield. The North American craton is the bedrock forming the heart of the North American continent and the Canadian Shield is the largest exposed part of the craton's bedrock. Canadas first diamond mine called Ekati opened there in 1998. Canadian Shield 1. The Canadian Shield stretches from Labrador to the Arctic. Population. It snows approximately nine months a year, leaving three months for a cool, short summer (average temperature 14.8C). Quebec is a city with a significant rainfall. Learn about the latest set of emissions scenarios, based on Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). It is the Canadian breadbasket and an area that is also rich in petroleum, gas, and other mineral resources. If you have any comment, feedback or need support, please contact us. The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. Get summary information about how climate change is affecting areas you care about so you can see how climate change is impacting local areas of interest. Image by Jon Sullivan. Climate is not only wholly dependent on these regions, however. Globally, the presence of the Rockies pushes wind south. The age of the Canadian Shield is estimated to be 4.28 Ga. The growing season of about 120 days coincides with summer daylight averaging about 15 hours, while winter daylight averages about 8.5 hours. The Archean is set at the time period beginning with the formation of the earth's crust and the oldest earth rocks 3.8-3.96 billion years ago and extending to the Proterozoic, 2.5 billion years ago. . New to climate data? Adapting to a changing climate requires confronting and dealing effectively with a wide range of uncertainties. Fact: Harvesting trees does not cause deforestation.
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