Front. The genome sequencing of a drying jujube cultivar Junzao and the resequencing of some cultivated and wild jujubes identified the selective sweep regions involved in acid and sugar metabolism and provided insights into an important domestication pattern in fruit taste15. lageniformis Hort. Generally, growers prefer fruit trees that crop early, reach high and stable yields quickly, and have light pest pressure, easy management, low cultivation costs, and high economic benefits. J. Hort. Study on cultivated model of high efficiency and cultivated techniques for Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv Dongzao in Dali. and cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Genome size variation within species of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Acta Hortic. showed that the percentage of healthy fruit and the edible rate of Dongzao jujube stored at 2C for 100 days were 7.4% and 20.2% higher than those of jujube stored at 0C125. Agrofor Syst 69:107116. B Hortic.LXIII, 1724 (2019). Univ.4, 7275 (1984). Fruit scientific research in new China in the past 70 years: Chinese jujube. Sin.45, 14231424 (2018). Moreover, they cannot be adapted to large-scale, mechanized, and labor-saving operations in the future, nor can they meet the demands for high-quality, safe, and high-end products. Agrofor Syst 61:237255, Li FD, Meng P, Fu DL, Wang BP (2008) Light distribution, photosynthetic rate and yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China. cv. The contents of vitamin C, cAMP, soluble sugars, titratable acids, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were significantly higher in tetraploid Riguang fruits than in diploid Dongzao fruits79. By the Han Dynasty (~2000 YA), jujube cultivation had spread throughout North and South China into large commercial cultivation regions and had become the main source of national taxes, with special officials regulating jujube production. The treatments comprised (1) sole cotton, (2) 5-year-old sole jujube trees, (3) 7-year-old sole jujube trees, (4) 9-year-old sole jujube . Evaluation of five natural variants materials from ziziphus jujuba Mill. PubMed Spectr. Identifying the genetic diversity, genetic structure and a core collection of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. We can simulate the growth trend of the bearing jujube based on different length conditions and use L ( d) = l max 1 + e a - r d to calculate the length of the bearing jujube based on different growth days. Moreover, 2000 years ago, jujube had spread throughout China, large-scale jujube commercial production areas had developed, and jujube had become one of the five most important fruit trees in China, namely, peach, apricot, plum, chestnut, and jujube. After entering the 21st century, protected cultivation techniques for fresh jujube have developed gradually. Further studies indicated that GLDH and MDHAR are the crucial genes in jujube AsA synthesis and recycling, respectively27. The traditional production region formation period (Zhou DynastyHan Dynasty, or 1000 BCE1 CE). The use of Paliurus hemsleyanus Rehd. Google Scholar. Google Scholar, Bhm W (1979) Methods of studying root systems. 48, Book One (Science Press, 1982). Stnic, F. Twenty years of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 2379), better known as Pliny the Elder, mentioned in his Historia Naturalis that a counselor of the Roman Emperor Octavian Augustus introduced the Chinese date (jujube) for the first time from Syria to Italy; from there it was distributed to other Mediterranean countries and around the Black Sea basin13,14. It only needs light pruning because of its unique self-pruning habits: fruit-bearing shoots fall off in the fall, mother-bearing shoots extend only ~1mm a year, secondary shoots die back year by year, and only the tops of the primary shoots can extend (Fig. Like many other deciduous fruit trees, jujubes are often propagated by grafting two genotypes or cultivars together. Qi, J. et al. Huang, J. et al. & Shan, G. The Chinese Jujube (Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2010). Wang, H. et al. Qi, J. et al. p The government and society pay more attention to ecological friendliness, the efficient use of land resources and the social and economic advantages for rural farmers in marginal regions. Acta Hortic.390, 161165 (1995). Jujube is becoming increasingly important in arid and semiarid marginal lands because of its outstanding endurance and adaptability to drought as well as barren and salty soil and deserves to be considered a superfruit for the future due to its distinct advantages. This paper will systematically summarize its special characteristics and comparative advantages, historical and recent research advances, and future research prospects to guide researchers and professionals working on jujubes. Since it was introduced into neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan 2000 years ago, jujube has spread to at least 48 countries, commercial jujube cultivation has developed at different levels in China, South Korea, Iran, Israel, the United States, Italy, Australia, and other countires2,3,6,7,8. Starting with a superhigh density (0.5m1.0m), the density is gradually decreased to 1.01.5m4.0m. This new model obtains good yields (58t/ha) in the year of grafting (Fig. There appear to be at least 2, 16, and 6 scientific names for the jujube genus, the jujube and the sour jujube, respectively, due to different classification viewpoints and poor academic exchange in the past. Bring to a moderate boil and simmer for 20 minutes, let cool, then boil for another 20 minutes. The fruits of the tetraploids were 3050% larger in size, 47 days earlier to mature and better tasting than diploid fruits. Sci. Preparation of oligosaccharides by degradation of polysaccharides from Chinese jujube and its biological activity. The genus Ziziphus was grouped into two sections based on geographical distribution, bearing shoot persistence, and leaf hairiness. Jujube tree yields in dryland saline soils are restricted by water shortages and soil salinity. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2011). The historical and current research progress on jujube-a superfruit for In August 2010 (the jujube tree fruit setting period), shovels were used to excavate one trench for each age of stand, measuring 6 m length (three . We offer the two sizes in the 'Air-Pot Garden' range that are best-suited for the young jujube trees we sell. Period. J. Wuhan. Stnic, F. Chinese date (jujube)a new promising fruit plant for Romania. Zhang, G. & Yu, X. A series of new products with high nutrient value, such as refined jujube cyclic nucleotides, jujube polysaccharides, jujube oil, instant jujube powder, and high vitamin C juice, have been developed54,139,149. Agrofor Syst 61:221236, Gillespie AR, Jose S, Mengel DB, Hoover WL, Pope PE, Seifert JR, Biehle DJ, Stall T, Benjamin TJ (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the midwestern USA. A technique for the sorted extraction and comprehensive wasteless utilization of the main functional components of jujube has been developed on the basis of systematic nutrient composition analysis54,138,139. After the beginning of the 21st century, much more attention was paid to intensive processing that highlights the characteristic nutrients of jujube. Hortic. In this latest period, research achievements have been very fruitful. Part of Springer Nature. Liu, M., Zhao, J. The first is China Fruit Tree Records-Jujube, mentioned above. Root distribution and interactions in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry system. & Liu, M. Analysis of triterpenoid acids in Chinese jujube. Historical achievements and frontier advances in the production and research of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Li, M. et al. & Liu, M. Discovery and evaluation of natural mixoploid (2x + 4x) variants in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J. and JavaScript. Zhang, X. Metabolomic Approaches Reveal the Physiological Mechanism of China Cointree as Jujubes Stock in Resistance to Jujube Witches Broom. Plant Breed.16, 33953400 (2018). To perform nutritional analysis and intensive processing on jujube, efficient extraction and determination methods were established and optimized for 23 kinds of nutrient components (7 vitamins, 3 triterpenic acids, 8 amino acids, aromatics, cAMP, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and pigments) in jujube54,136,137,138,139,140,141,142. in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Around 79.9 million years ago, jujube diverged from the families Moraceae and Cannabaceae12. A set of new propagation approaches has been developed on the basis of traditional sucker division. Zhang, Z. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Jujube grafting took place 1000 years ago, and the intercropping of jujube with cereal crops had become popular by about 600 years ago. Biotechnol.83, 305308 (2008). and wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba). 0perennial shoot system in the dormant season, 1primary shoot, 2secondary shoot, 3mother-bearing shoot, 4fruit-bearing shoot, 5inflorescence, 6young fruit, 7longitudinal section of mature fruit, 8stone and kernel, 9the diverse shapes of jujube fruits, 10photograph of fruiting jujube. In addition, Hebei Agricultural University collected and preserved ~200 accessions of sour jujube germplasm and some other species of the Ziziphus genus, such as Z. mauritiana Lam., Z. spina-christi Willd, and Z. nummularia Burm. Sin.33, 687 (2006). Hortic. Genomes12, 110 (2016). Plant Prot.1, 9297 (2013). Univ. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China, W. Zhang,P. Ahanbieke,B. J. Wang&L. H. Li, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091, Xinjiang, China, Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK, You can also search for this author in Therefore, jujubes will attract increasing attention worldwide. J.W. Until recently Chinese jujube was propagated primarily by root suckers. Bi, J., Yu, J., Bai, S., Wang, P. & Ding, Y. After the beginning of the 21st century, outbreaks of pests and diseases, including Lygocoris lucorum, Euzophera batangensis, Ceratitis capitata, jujube flies, fruit cracking, and fruit shrinking, have become increasingly severe102,110,111,112,113,114. In this agroforestry system the jujube trees are grown simultaneously with wheat for 240-260 days.
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